Browsable C99 Grammar

CC-BY

Grammar extracted by Vadim Zaytsev, see the Grammar Zoo entry for details: c/c99/iso-9899-1999/extracted
Source used for this grammar: ISO/IEC 9899:1999(E), Programming languages — C, December 1999, Annex A, pages 402–416

Summary

Syntax

translation-unit ::=
	external-declaration
	translation-unit external-declaration
external-declaration ::=
	function-definition
	declaration
function-definition ::=
	declaration-specifiers declarator declaration-list? compound-statement
declaration-specifiers ::=
	storage-class-specifier declaration-specifiers?
	type-specifier declaration-specifiers?
	type-qualifier declaration-specifiers?
	function-specifier declaration-specifiers?
storage-class-specifier ::=
	"typedef"
	"extern"
	"static"
	"auto"
	"register"
type-specifier ::=
	"void"
	"char"
	"short"
	"int"
	"long"
	"float"
	"double"
	"signed"
	"unsigned"
	"_Bool"
	"_Complex"
	"_Imaginary"
	struct-or-union-specifier
	enum-specifier
	typedef-name
struct-or-union-specifier ::=
	struct-or-union identifier? "{" struct-declaration-list "}"
	struct-or-union identifier
struct-or-union ::=
	"struct"
	"union"
struct-declaration-list ::=
	struct-declaration
	struct-declaration-list struct-declaration
struct-declaration ::=
	specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list ";"
specifier-qualifier-list ::=
	type-specifier specifier-qualifier-list?
	type-qualifier specifier-qualifier-list?
type-qualifier ::=
	"const"
	"restrict"
	"volatile"
struct-declarator-list ::=
	struct-declarator
	struct-declarator-list "," struct-declarator
struct-declarator ::=
	declarator
	declarator? ":" constant-expression
declarator ::=
	pointer? direct-declarator
pointer ::=
	"*" type-qualifier-list?
	"*" type-qualifier-list? pointer
type-qualifier-list ::=
	type-qualifier
	type-qualifier-list type-qualifier
direct-declarator ::=
	identifier
	"(" declarator ")"
	direct-declarator "[" type-qualifier-list? assignment-expression? "]"
	direct-declarator "[" "static" type-qualifier-list? assignment-expression "]"
	direct-declarator "[" type-qualifier-list "static" assignment-expression "]"
	direct-declarator "[" type-qualifier-list? "*" "]"
	direct-declarator "(" parameter-type-list ")"
	direct-declarator "(" identifier-list? ")"
assignment-expression ::=
	conditional-expression
	unary-expression assignment-operator assignment-expression
conditional-expression ::=
	logical-OR-expression
	logical-OR-expression "?" expression ":" conditional-expression
logical-OR-expression ::=
	logical-AND-expression
	logical-OR-expression "||" logical-AND-expression
logical-AND-expression ::=
	inclusive-OR-expression
	logical-AND-expression "&&" inclusive-OR-expression
inclusive-OR-expression ::=
	exclusive-OR-expression
	inclusive-OR-expression "|" exclusive-OR-expression
exclusive-OR-expression ::=
	AND-expression
	exclusive-OR-expression "^" AND-expression
AND-expression ::=
	equality-expression
	AND-expression "&" equality-expression
equality-expression ::=
	relational-expression
	equality-expression "==" relational-expression
	equality-expression "!=" relational-expression
relational-expression ::=
	shift-expression
	relational-expression "<" shift-expression
	relational-expression ">" shift-expression
	relational-expression "<=" shift-expression
	relational-expression ">=" shift-expression
shift-expression ::=
	additive-expression
	shift-expression "<<" additive-expression
	shift-expression ">>" additive-expression
additive-expression ::=
	multiplicative-expression
	additive-expression "+" multiplicative-expression
	additive-expression "-" multiplicative-expression
multiplicative-expression ::=
	cast-expression
	multiplicative-expression "*" cast-expression
	multiplicative-expression "/" cast-expression
	multiplicative-expression "%" cast-expression
cast-expression ::=
	unary-expression
	"(" type-name ")" cast-expression
unary-expression ::=
	postfix-expression
	"++" unary-expression
	"--" unary-expression
	unary-operator cast-expression
	"sizeof" unary-expression
	"sizeof" "(" type-name ")"
postfix-expression ::=
	primary-expression
	postfix-expression "[" expression "]"
	postfix-expression "(" argument-expression-list? ")"
	postfix-expression "." identifier
	postfix-expression "->" identifier
	postfix-expression "++"
	postfix-expression "--"
	"(" type-name ")" "{" initializer-list "}"
	"(" type-name ")" "{" initializer-list "," "}"
primary-expression ::=
	identifier
	constant
	string-literal
	"(" expression ")"
expression ::=
	assignment-expression
	expression "," assignment-expression
argument-expression-list ::=
	assignment-expression
	argument-expression-list "," assignment-expression
type-name ::=
	specifier-qualifier-list abstract-declarator?
abstract-declarator ::=
	pointer
	pointer? direct-abstract-declarator
direct-abstract-declarator ::=
	"(" abstract-declarator ")"
	direct-abstract-declarator? "[" assignment-expression? "]"
	direct-abstract-declarator? "[" "*" "]"
	direct-abstract-declarator? "(" parameter-type-list? ")"
parameter-type-list ::=
	parameter-list
	parameter-list "," "..."
parameter-list ::=
	parameter-declaration
	parameter-list "," parameter-declaration
parameter-declaration ::=
	declaration-specifiers declarator
	declaration-specifiers abstract-declarator?
initializer-list ::=
	designation? initializer
	initializer-list "," designation? initializer
designation ::=
	designator-list "="
designator-list ::=
	designator
	designator-list designator
designator ::=
	"[" constant-expression "]"
	"." identifier
constant-expression ::=
	conditional-expression
initializer ::=
	assignment-expression
	"{" initializer-list "}"
	"{" initializer-list "," "}"
unary-operator ::=
	"&"
	"*"
	"+"
	"-"
	"~"
	"!"
assignment-operator ::=
	"="
	"*="
	"/="
	"%="
	"+="
	"-="
	"<<="
	">>="
	"&="
	"^="
	"|="
identifier-list ::=
	identifier
	identifier-list "," identifier
enum-specifier ::=
	"enum" identifier? "{" enumerator-list "}"
	"enum" identifier? "{" enumerator-list "," "}"
	"enum" identifier
enumerator-list ::=
	enumerator
	enumerator-list "," enumerator
enumerator ::=
	enumeration-constant
	enumeration-constant "=" constant-expression
typedef-name ::=
	identifier
function-specifier ::=
	"inline"
declaration-list ::=
	declaration
	declaration-list declaration
declaration ::=
	declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list? ";"
init-declarator-list ::=
	init-declarator
	init-declarator-list "," init-declarator
init-declarator ::=
	declarator
	declarator "=" initializer
compound-statement ::=
	"{" block-item-list? "}"
block-item-list ::=
	block-item
	block-item-list block-item
block-item ::=
	declaration
	statement
statement ::=
	labeled-statement
	compound-statement
	expression-statement
	selection-statement
	iteration-statement
	jump-statement
labeled-statement ::=
	identifier ":" statement
	"case" constant-expression ":" statement
	"default" ":" statement
expression-statement ::=
	expression? ";"
selection-statement ::=
	"if" "(" expression ")" statement
	"if" "(" expression ")" statement "else" statement
	"switch" "(" expression ")" statement
iteration-statement ::=
	"while" "(" expression ")" statement
	"do" statement "while" "(" expression ")" ";"
	"for" "(" expression? ";" expression? ";" expression? ")" statement
	"for" "(" declaration expression? ";" expression? ")" statement
jump-statement ::=
	"goto" identifier ";"
	"continue" ";"
	"break" ";"
	"return" expression? ";"
GrammarLabMaintained by Dr. Vadim Zaytsev a.k.a. @grammarware. Last updated in September 2015. [↑]