Vadim Zaytsev aka @grammarware

GraSs: A Taxonomy of Grammar Smells


Organisation
global problems
Navigation
problems with navigating through the grammar
Structure
harmful relationships among grammar components

Convention
violations of visual policies
Notation
metalanguage-related
Parsing
parsing techniques related smells
Duplication
the same fragment is repeated

Underuse
inferior substitutes are used instead of an available feature
Overspec
the same constraint specified through several means
Priorities
not present or circular
Singleton
trivial choice, sequence or conjunction
Combo
double modifier creates an ambiguity
Chant
comments cover up bad code
Deprecated
the use of a feature that is no longer welcome
Exotic
too idiosyncratic notational features decrease portability

Chant Edit!

Related smells: Comments, The Devil of Details

During grammar recovery projects in the past we were occasionally stumbling across nonterminals that were “defined” in natural language instead of the actual grammar notation: “defined similarly to...”, “all Unicode characters of class...”, “any of the following”, etc. These are drastic examples of this smell, since they make the grammar completely useless for automatic machine consumption. However, having improper constructions in one's grammar that are covered up by an extensive comment explaining why it is not that that bad, is still an instance of this smell.


The GraSs taxonomy is a joint effort maintained by Dr. Vadim Zaytsev a.k.a. @grammarware. Page last updated in March 2021.
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